@article{%a1:%Yb_71,

title = {Retrotransposons Down- and Up-Regulation in Aging Somatic Tissue},

author = {Giordani G and Cavaliere V and Gargiulo G and Lattanzi G and Andrenacci D},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/1/79},

doi = {10.3390/cells11010079},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-30},

journal = {Cells},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {79},

abstract = {The transposon theory of aging hypothesizes the activation of transposable elements (TEs) in somatic tissues with age, leading to a shortening of the lifespan. It is thought that TE activation in aging produces an increase in DNA double-strand breaks, contributing to genome instability and promoting the activation of inflammatory responses. To investigate how TE regulation changes in somatic tissues during aging, we analyzed the expression of some TEs, as well as a source of small RNAs that specifically silence the analyzed TEs; the Drosophila cluster named flamenco. We found significant variations in the expression levels of all the analyzed TEs during aging, with a trend toward reduction in middle-aged adults and reactivation in older individuals that suggests dynamic regulation during the lifespan.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Yb_70,

title = {Elongating RNA polymerase II and RNA:DNA hybrids hinder fork progression and gene expression at sites of head-on replication-transcription collisions},

author = {Zardoni L and Nardini E and Brambati A and Lucca C and Choudhary R and Loperfido F and Sabbioneda S and Liberi G},

url = {https://academic.oup.com/nar/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nar/gkab1146/6456226},

doi = {10.1093/nar/gkab1146},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-14},

urldate = {2021-12-14},

journal = {Nucleic acids research},

volume = {49},

number = {22},

pages = {12769-12784},

abstract = {Uncoordinated clashes between replication forks and transcription cause replication stress and genome instability, which are hallmarks of cancer and neurodegeneration. Here, we investigate the outcomes of head-on replication-transcription collisions, using as a model system budding yeast mutants for the helicase Sen1, the ortholog of human Senataxin. We found that RNA Polymerase II accumulates together with RNA:DNA hybrids at sites of head-on collisions. The replication fork and RNA Polymerase II are both arrested during the clash, leading to DNA damage and, in the long run, the inhibition of gene expression. The inactivation of RNA Polymerase II elongation factors, such as the HMG-like protein Spt2 and the DISF and PAF complexes, but not alterations in chromatin structure, allows replication fork progression through transcribed regions. Attenuation of RNA Polymerase II elongation rescues RNA:DNA hybrid accumulation and DNA damage sensitivity caused by the absence of Sen1, but not of RNase H proteins, suggesting that such enzymes counteract toxic RNA:DNA hybrids at different stages of the cell cycle with Sen1 mainly acting in replication. We suggest that the main obstacle to replication fork progression is the elongating RNA Polymerase II engaged in an R-loop, rather than RNA:DNA hybrids per se or hybrid-associated chromatin modifications.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Yb_69,

title = {Proliferation Pattern of Pediatric Tumor-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Role in Cancer Dormancy: A Perspective of Study for Surgical Strategy},

author = {Pelizzo G and Riva F and Croce S and Avanzini MA and Acquafredda G and de Silvestri A and Mazzon E and Bramanti P and Zuccotti G and Mazzini G and Calcaterra V},

editor = {Pelizzo G and Riva F and Croce S and Avanzini MA and Acquafredda G and de Silvestri A and Mazzon E and Bramanti P and Zuccotti G and Mazzini G and Calcaterra V},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.766610/full},

doi = {10.3389/fped.2021.766610},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-14},

urldate = {2021-12-14},

journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics},

volume = {9},

pages = {766610},

abstract = {The explanation for cancer recurrence still remains to be fully elucidated. Moreover, tumor dormancy, which is a process whereby cells enter reversible G0 cell cycle arrest, appears to be a critical step in this phenomenon. We evaluated the cell cycle proliferation pattern in pediatric tumor-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), in order to provide a better understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying cancer dormancy. Specimens were obtained from 14 pediatric patients diagnosed with solid tumors and submitted to surgery. Morphology, phenotype, differentiation, immunological capacity, and proliferative growth of tumor MSCs were studied. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the cell percentage of each cell cycle phase. Healthy donor bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) were employed as controls. It was noted that the DNA profile of proliferating BM-MSC was different from that of tumor MSCs. All BM-MSCs expressed the typical DNA profile of proliferating cells, while in all tumor MSC samples, ≥70% of the cells were detected in the G0/G1 phase. In particular, seven tumor MSC samples displayed intermediate cell cycle behavior, and the other seven tumor MSC samples exhibited a slow cell cycle. The increased number of tumor MSCs in the G0-G1 phase compared with BM-MSCs supports a role for quiescent MSCs in tumor dormancy regulation. Understanding the mechanisms that promote dormant cell cycle arrest is essential in identifying predictive markers of recurrence and to promote a dedicated surgical planning.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Yb_68,

title = {Epistasis, aneuploidy, and functional mutations underlie evolution of resistance to induced microtubule depolymerization},

author = {Pavani M and Bonaiuti P and Chiroli E and Gross F and Natali F and Macaluso F and Poti A and Pasqualato S and Farkas Z and Pompei S and Cosentino Lagomarsino M and Rancati G and Szüts D and Ciliberto A},

url = {https://www.embopress.org/doi/abs/10.15252/embj.2021108225},

doi = {10.15252/embj.2021108225},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-14},

journal = {EMBO Journal},

volume = {40},

number = {22},

pages = {e108225},

abstract = {Cells with blocked microtubule polymerization are delayed in mitosis, but eventually manage to proliferate despite substantial chromosome missegregation. While several studies have analyzed the first cell division after microtubule depolymerization, we have asked how cells cope long-term with microtubule impairment. We allowed 24 clonal populations of yeast cells with beta-tubulin mutations preventing proper microtubule polymerization, to evolve for  about 150 generations. At the end of the laboratory evolution experiment, cells had regained the ability to form microtubules and were less sensitive to microtubule-depolymerizing drugs. Whole-genome sequencing identified recurrently mutated genes, in particular for tubulins and kinesins, as well as pervasive duplication of chromosome VIII. Recreating these mutations and chromosome VIII disomy prior to evolution confirmed that they allow cells to compensate for the original mutation in beta-tubulin. Most of the identified mutations did not abolish function, but rather restored microtubule functionality. Analysis of the temporal order of resistance development in independent populations repeatedly revealed the same series of events: disomy of chromosome VIII followed by a single additional adaptive mutation in either tubulins or kinesins. Since tubulins are highly conserved among eukaryotes, our results have implications for understanding resistance to microtubule-targeting drugs widely used in cancer therapy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Yb_67,

title = {The Combination of AHCC and ETAS Decreases Migration of Colorectal Cancer Cells, and Reduces the Expression of LGR5 and Notch1 Genes in Cancer Stem Cells: A Novel Potential Approach for Integrative Medicine},

author = {Paganelli F and Chiarini F and Palmieri A and Martinelli M and Sena P and Bertacchini J and Roncucci L and Cappellini A and Martelli AM and Bonucci M and Fiorentini C and Hammarberg Ferri I},

doi = {10.3390/ph14121325},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-14},

journal = {Pharmaceuticals},

volume = {14},

number = {12},

pages = {1325},

abstract = {The AHCC standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia, and the standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem, trademarked as ETAS, are well known supplements with immunomodulatory and anticancer potential. Several reports have described their therapeutic effects, including antioxidant and anticancer activity and improvement of immune response. In this study we aimed at investigating the effects of a combination of AHCC and ETAS on colorectal cancer cells and biopsies from healthy donors to assess the possible use in patients with colorectal cancer. Our results showed that the combination of AHCC and ETAS was synergistic in inducing a significant decrease in cancer cell growth, compared with single agents. Moreover, the combined treatment induced a significant increase in apoptosis, sparing colonocytes from healthy donors, and was able to induce a strong reduction in migration potential, accompanied by a significant modulation of proteins involved in invasiveness. Finally, combined treatment was able to significantly downregulate LGR5 and Notch1 in SW620 cancer stem cell (CSC) colonospheres. Overall, these findings support the potential therapeutic benefits of the AHCC and ETAS combinatorial treatment for patients with colorectal cancer.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Yb_66,

title = {The prolyl-isomerase PIN1 is essential for nuclear Lamin-B structure and function and protects heterochromatin under mechanical stress},

author = {Napoletano F and Ferrari Bravo G and Voto IAP and Santin A and Celora L and Campaner E and Dezi C and Bertossi A and Valentino E and Santorsola M and Rustighi A and Fajner V and Maspero E and Ansaloni F and Cancila V and Valenti CF and Santo M and Artimagnella OB and Finaurini S and Gioia U and Polo S and Sanges R and Tripodo C and Mallamaci A and Gustincich S and {d'Adda di Fagagna F} and Mantovani F and Specchia V and Del Sal G},

url = {https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(21)01141-4?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2211124721011414%3Fshowall%3Dtrue#%20},

doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109694},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-14},

journal = {Cell reports},

volume = {36},

number = {11},

pages = {109694},

abstract = {Chromatin organization plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis. Heterochromatin relaxation and consequent unscheduled mobilization of transposable elements (TEs) are emerging as key contributors of aging and aging-related pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer. However, the mechanisms governing heterochromatin maintenance or its relaxation in pathological conditions remain poorly understood. Here we show that PIN1, the only phosphorylation-specific cis/trans prolyl isomerase, whose loss is associated with premature aging and AD, is essential to preserve heterochromatin. We demonstrate that this PIN1 function is conserved from Drosophila to humans and prevents TE mobilization-dependent neurodegeneration and cognitive defects. Mechanistically, PIN1 maintains nuclear type-B Lamin structure and anchoring function for heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α). This mechanism prevents nuclear envelope alterations and heterochromatin relaxation under mechanical stress, which is a key contributor to aging-related pathologies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Yb_65,

title = {Computed structures of core eukaryotic protein complexes.},

author = {Humphreys IR and Pei J and Baek M and Krishnakumar A and Anishchenko I and Ovchinnikov S and Zhang J and Ness TJ and Banjade S and Bagde SR and Stancheva VG and Li XH and Liu K and Zheng Z and Barrero DJ and Roy U and Kuper J and Fernández IS and Szakal B and Branzei D and Rizo J and Kisker C and Greene EC and Biggins S and Keeney S and Miller EA and Fromme JC and Hendrickson TL and Cong Q and Baker D},

url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm4805?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed},

doi = {10.1126/science.abm4805},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-14},

journal = {Science},

volume = {374},

number = {6573},

abstract = {Protein-protein interactions play critical roles in biology, but the structures of many eukaryotic protein complexes are unknown, and there are likely many interactions not yet identified. We take advantage of advances in proteome-wide amino acid coevolution analysis and deep-learning–based structure modeling to systematically identify and build accurate models of core eukaryotic protein complexes within the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome. We use a combination of RoseTTAFold and AlphaFold to screen through paired multiple sequence alignments for 8.3 million pairs of yeast proteins, identify 1505 likely to interact, and build structure models for 106 previously unidentified assemblies and 806 that have not been structurally characterized. These complexes, which have as many as five subunits, play roles in almost all key processes in eukaryotic cells and provide broad insights into biological function.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Yb_64,

title = {The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids.},

author = {Graham SE and Clarke SL and Wu KH and Kanoni S and Zajac GJM ...... and Biino G and et al.},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04064-3},

doi = {10.1038/s41586-021-04064-3},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-14},

urldate = {2021-12-14},

journal = {Nature},

volume = {600},

number = {7890},

pages = {675-679},

abstract = {Increased blood lipid levels are heritable risk factors of cardiovascular disease with varied prevalence worldwide owing to different dietary patterns and medication use1. Despite advances in prevention and treatment, in particular through reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels2, heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide3. Genome-wideassociation studies (GWAS) of blood lipid levels have led to important biological and clinical insights, as well as new drug targets, for cardiovascular disease. However, most previous GWAS4-23 have been conducted in European ancestry populations and may have missed genetic variants that contribute to lipid-level variation in other ancestry groups. These include differences in allele frequencies, effect sizes and linkage-disequilibrium patterns24. Here we conduct a multi-ancestry, genome-wide genetic discovery meta-analysis of lipid levels in approximately 1.65 million individuals, including 350,000 of non-European ancestries. We quantify the gain in studying non-European ancestries and provide evidence to support the expansion of recruitment of additional ancestries, even with relatively small sample sizes. We find that increasing diversity rather than studying additional individuals of European ancestry results in substantial improvements in fine-mapping functional variants and portability of polygenic prediction (evaluated in approximately 295,000 individuals from 7 ancestry groupings). Modest gains in the number of discovered loci and ancestry-specific variants were also achieved. As GWAS expand emphasis beyond the identification of genes and fundamental biology towards the use of genetic variants for preventive and precision medicine25, we anticipate that increased diversity of participants will lead to more accurate and equitable26 application of polygenic scores in clinical practice.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Yb_63,

title = {Association of rs3027178 polymorphism in the circadian clock gene PER1 with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease and longevity in an Italian population},

author = {Bacalini MG and Palombo F and Garagnani P and Giuliani C and Fiorini C and Caporali L and Stanzani Maserati M and Capellari S and Romagnoli M and De Fanti S and Benussi L and Binetti G and Ghidoni R and Galimberti D and Scarpini E and Arcaro M and Bonanni E and Siciliano G and Maestri M and Guarnieri B; Italian Multicentric Group on clock genes and actigraphy in AD and Martucci M and Monti D and Carelli V and Franceschi C and La Morgia C and Santoro A.},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11357-021-00477-0},

doi = {10.1007/s11357-021-00477-0},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-14},

journal = {Geroscience},

abstract = {Many physiological processes in the human body follow a 24-h circadian rhythm controlled by the circadian clock system. Light, sensed by retina, is the predominant "zeitgeber" able to synchronize the circadian rhythms to the light-dark cycles. Circadian rhythm dysfunction and sleep disorders have been associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we aimed at investigating the genetic variability of clock genes in AD patients compared to healthy controls from Italy. We also included a group of Italian centenarians, considered as super-controls in association studies given their extreme phenotype of successful aging. We analyzed the exon sequences of eighty-four genes related to circadian rhythms, and the most significant variants identified in this first discovery phase were further assessed in a larger independent cohort of AD patients by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The results identified a significant association between the rs3027178 polymorphism in the PER1 circadian gene with AD, the G allele being protective for AD. Interestingly, rs3027178 showed similar genotypic frequencies among AD patients and centenarians. These results collectively underline the relevance of circadian dysfunction in the predisposition to AD and contribute to the discussion on the role of the relationship between the genetics of age-related diseases and of longevity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Yb_62,

title = {DNA damage response at telomeres boosts the transcription of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 during aging.},

author = {Sepe S and Rossiello F and Cancila V and Iannelli F and Matti V and Cicio G and Cabrini M and Marinelli E and Alabi BR and di Lillo A and Di Napoli A and Shay JW and Tripodo C and {d'Adda di Fagagna F}},

url = {https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embr.202153658},

doi = {10.15252/embr.202153658},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-06},

journal = {EMBO Reports},

abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), known to be more common in the elderly, who also show more severe symptoms and are at higher risk of hospitalization and death. Here, we show that the expression of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor, increases during aging in mouse and human lungs. ACE2 expression increases upon telomere shortening or dysfunction in both cultured mammalian cells and in vivo in mice. This increase is controlled at the transcriptional level, and Ace2 promoter activity is DNA damage response (DDR)-dependent. Both pharmacological global DDR inhibition of ATM kinase activity and selective telomeric DDR inhibition by the use of antisense oligonucleotides prevent Ace2 upregulation following telomere damage in cultured cells and in mice. We propose that during aging telomere dysfunction due to telomeric shortening or damage triggers DDR activation and this causes the upregulation of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor, thus contributing to make the elderly more susceptible to the infection.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Yb_61,

title = {Revisiting the Role of GSK3, A Modulator of Innate Immunity, in Idiopathic Inclusion Body Myositis.},

author = {Piazzi M and Bavelloni A and Cenni V and Faenza I and Blalock WL},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/3255},

doi = {10.3390/cells10113255},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-06},

journal = {Cells},

volume = {10},

number = {11},

pages = {3255},

abstract = {Idiopathic or sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the leading age-related (onset >50 years of age) autoimmune muscular pathology, resulting in significant debilitation in affected individuals. Once viewed as primarily a degenerative disorder, it is now evident that much like several other neuro-muscular degenerative disorders, IBM has a major autoinflammatory component resulting in chronic inflammation-induced muscle destruction. Thus, IBM is now considered primarily an inflammatory pathology. To date, there is no effective treatment for sporadic inclusion body myositis, and little is understood about the pathology at the molecular level, which would offer the best hopes of at least slowing down the degenerative process. Among the previously examined potential molecular players in IBM is glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3, whose role in promoting TAU phosphorylation and inclusion bodies in Alzheimer's disease is well known. This review looks to re-examine the role of GSK3 in IBM, not strictly as a promoter of TAU and Abeta inclusions, but as a novel player in the innate immune system, discussing some of the recent roles discovered for this well-studied kinase in inflammatory-mediated pathology.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Yb_60,

title = {Targeting DDX3X Helicase Activity with BA103 Shows Promising Therapeutic Effects in Preclinical Glioblastoma Models},

author = {Brai A and Riva V and Clementi L and Falsitta L and Zamperini C and Sinigiani V and Festuccia C and Sabetta S and Aiello D and Roselli C and Garbelli A and Trivisani CI and Maccari L and Bugli F and Sanguinetti M and Calandro P and Chiariello M and Quaranta P and Botta L and Angelucci A and Maga G and Botta M},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5569},

doi = {10.3390/cancers13215569},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-06},

journal = {Cancers (Basel)},

volume = {13},

number = {21},

pages = {5569},

abstract = {DDX3X is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that has recently attracted interest for its involvement in viral replication and oncogenic progression. Starting from hit compounds previously identified by our group, we have designed and synthesized a new series of DDX3X inhibitors that effectively blocked its helicase activity. These new compounds were able to inhibit the proliferation of cell lines from different cancer types, also in DDX3X low-expressing cancer cell lines. According to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination properties, and antitumoral activity, compound BA103 was chosen to be further investigated in glioblastoma models. BA103 determined a significant reduction in the proliferation and migration of U87 and U251 cells, downregulating the oncogenic protein β-catenin. An in vivo evaluation demonstrated that BA103 was able to reach the brain and reduce the tumor growth in xenograft and orthotopic models without evident side effects. This study represents the first demonstration that DDX3X-targeted small molecules are feasible and promising drugs also in glioblastoma.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Yb_59,

title = {Release of Inflammatory Mediators from Acid-Stimulated Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Favours Tumour Invasiveness and Metastasis in Osteosarcoma.},

author = {Avnet S and Lemma S and Cortini M and Di Pompo G and Perut F and Lipreri MV and Roncuzzi L and Columbaro M and Errani C and Longhi A and Zini N and Heymann D and Dominici M and Grisendi G and Golinelli G and Consolino L and Longo DL and Nanni C and Righi A and Baldini N},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/22/5855},

doi = {10.3390/cancers13225855},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-06},

urldate = {2021-12-06},

journal = {Cancers (Basel)},

volume = {13},

number = {22},

pages = {5855},

abstract = {Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary malignant bone tumour with an impressive tendency to metastasise. Highly proliferative tumour cells release a remarkable amount of protons into the extracellular space that activates the NF-kB inflammatory pathway in adjacent stromal cells. In this study, we further validated the correlation between tumour glycolysis/acidosis and its role in metastases. In patients, at diagnosis, we found high circulating levels of inflammatory mediators (IL6, IL8 and miR-136-5p-containing extracellular vesicles). IL6 serum levels significantly correlated with disease-free survival and 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake, an indirect measurement of tumour glycolysis and, hence, of acidosis. In vivo subcutaneous and orthotopic models, co-injected with mesenchymal stromal (MSC) and osteosarcoma cells, formed an acidic tumour microenvironment (mean pH 6.86, as assessed by in vivo MRI-CEST pH imaging). In these xenografts, we enlightened the expression of both IL6 and the NF-kB complex subunit in stromal cells infiltrating the tumour acidic area. The co-injection with MSC also significantly increased lung metastases. Finally, by using 3D microfluidic models, we directly showed the promotion of osteosarcoma invasiveness by acidosis via IL6 and MSC. In conclusion, osteosarcoma-associated MSC react to intratumoural acidosis by triggering an inflammatory response that, in turn, promotes tumour invasiveness at the primary site toward metastasis development.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybvwg,

title = {Urine-Derived Stem Cells Express 571 Neuromuscular Disorders Causing Genes, Making Them a Potential in vitro Model for Rare Genetic Diseases.},

author = {Falzarano MS and Rossi R and Grilli A and Fang M and Osman H and Sabatelli P and Antoniel M and Lu Z and Li W and Selvatici R and Al-Khalili C and Gualandi F and Bicciato S and Torelli S and Ferlini A},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.716471/full},

doi = {10.3389/fphys.2021.716471},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-15},

journal = {Frontiers in physiology},

volume = {12},

pages = {716471},

abstract = {Background: Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases, caused by mutations in genes involved in spinal cord, peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction, and muscle functions. To advance the knowledge of the pathological mechanisms underlying NMDs and to eventually identify new potential drugs paving the way for personalized medicine, limitations regarding the availability of neuromuscular disease-related biological samples, rarely accessible from patients, are a major challenge. Aim: We characterized urinary stem cells (USCs) by in-depth transcriptome and protein profiling to evaluate whether this easily accessible source of patient-derived cells is suitable to study neuromuscular genetic diseases, focusing especially on those currently involved in clinical trials. Methods: The global transcriptomics of either native or MyoD transformed USCs obtained from control individuals was performed by RNA-seq. The expression of 610 genes belonging to 16 groups of disorders (http://www.musclegenetable.fr/) whose mutations cause neuromuscular diseases, was investigated on the RNA-seq output. In addition, protein expression of 11 genes related to NMDs including COL6A, EMD, LMNA, SMN, UBA1, DYNC1H1, SOD1, C9orf72, DYSF, DAG1, and HTT was analyzed in native USCs by immunofluorescence and/or Western blot (WB). Results: RNA-seq profile of control USCs shows that 571 out of 610 genes known to be involved in NMDs, are expressed in USCs. Interestingly, the expression levels of the majority of NMD genes remain unmodified following USCs MyoD transformation. Most genes involved in the pathogenesis of all 16 groups of NMDs are well represented except for channelopathies and malignant hyperthermia related genes. All tested proteins showed high expression values, suggesting consistency between transcription and protein representation in USCs. Conclusion: Our data suggest that USCs are human cells, obtainable by non-invasive means, which might be used as a patient-specific cell model to study neuromuscular disease-causing genes and that they can be likely adopted for a variety of in vitro functional studies such as mutation characterization, pathway identification, and drug screening.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybvwf,

title = {Beyond Sperm and Male Accessory Gland Proteins: Exploring Insect Reproductive Metabolomes},

author = {Scolari F and Khamis FM and Perez-Staples D},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.729440/full},

doi = {10.3389/fphys.2021.729440},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-08},

journal = {Frontiers in physiology},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {Frontiers in physiology},

abstract = {Insect seminal fluid, the non-sperm component of the ejaculate, comprises a variegated set of molecules, including, but not limited to, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, salts, hormones, nucleic acids, and vitamins. The identity and functional role of seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) have been widely investigated, in multiple species. However, most of the other small molecules in insect ejaculates remain uncharacterized. Metabolomics is currently adopted to deepen our understanding of complex biological processes and in the last 15years has been applied to answer different physiological questions. Technological advances in high-throughput methods for metabolite identification such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are now coupled to an expanded bioinformatics toolbox for large-scale data analysis. These improvements allow for the processing of smaller-sized samples and for the identification of hundreds to thousands of metabolites, not only in Drosophila melanogaster but also in disease vectors, animal, and agricultural pests. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies that adopted metabolomics-based approaches in insects, with a particular focus on the reproductive tract (RT) of both sexes and the ejaculate. Progress in the field of metabolomics will contribute not only to achieve a deeper understanding of the composition of insect ejaculates and how they are affected by endogenous and exogenous factors, but also to provide increasingly powerful tools to decipher the identity and molecular interactions between males and females during and after mating.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybvwe,

title = {Selective Binding and Redox-Activity on Parallel G-Quadruplexes by Pegylated Naphthalene Diimide-Copper Complexes},

author = {Pirota V and Lunghi E and Benassi A and Crespan E and Freccero M and Doria F},

url = {Molecules},

doi = {Molecules},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-08},

journal = {Molecules},

volume = {26},

number = {16},

pages = {5025},

abstract = {G-quadruplexes (G4s) are higher-order supramolecular structures, biologically important in the regulation of many key processes. Among all, the recent discoveries relating to RNA-G4s, including their potential involvement as antiviral targets against COVID-19, have triggered the ever-increasing need to develop selective molecules able to interact with parallel G4s. Naphthalene diimides (NDIs) are widely exploited as G4 ligands, being able to induce and strongly stabilize these structures. Sometimes, a reversible NDI-G4 interaction is also associated with an irreversible one, due to the cleavage and/or modification of G4s by functional-NDIs. This is the case of NDI-Cu-DETA, a copper(II) complex able to cleave G4s in the closest proximity to the target binding site. Herein, we present two original Cu(II)-NDI complexes, inspired by NDI-Cu-DETA, differently functionalized with 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol side-chains, to selectively drive redox-catalyzed activity towards parallel G4s. The selective interaction toward parallel G4 topology, controlled by the presence of 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol side chains, was already firmly demonstrated by us using core-extended NDIs. In the present study, the presence of protonable moieties and the copper(II) cavity, increases the binding affinity and specificity of these two NDIs for a telomeric RNA-G4. Once defined the copper coordination relationship and binding constants by competition titrations, ability in G4 stabilization, and ROS-induced cleavage were analyzed. The propensity in the stabilization of parallel topology was highlighted for both of the new compounds HP2Cu and PE2Cu. The results obtained are particularly promising, paving the way for the development of new selective functional ligands for binding and destructuring parallel G4s.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybvwd,

title = {Basal and IL-1beta enhanced chondrocyte chemotactic activity on monocytes are co-dependent on both IKKalpha and IKKbeta NF-kappaB activating kinases},

author = {Olivotto E and Minguzzi M and D'Adamo S and Astolfi A and Santi S and Uguccioni M and Marcu KB and Borzi' RM},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01063-2},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-01063-2},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-08},

urldate = {2021-11-08},

journal = {Scientific reports},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {21697},

abstract = {IKKalpha and IKKbeta are essential kinases for activating NF-kappaB transcription factors that regulate cellular differentiation and inflammation. By virtue of their small size, chemokines support the crosstalk between cartilage and other joint compartments and contribute to immune cell chemotaxis in osteoarthritis (OA). Here we employed shRNA retroviruses to stably and efficiently ablate the expression of each IKK in primary OA chondrocytes to determine their individual contributions for monocyte chemotaxis in response to chondrocyte conditioned media. Both IKKalpha and IKKbeta KDs blunted both the monocyte chemotactic potential and the protein levels of CCL2/MCP-1, the chemokine with the highest concentration and the strongest association with monocyte chemotaxis. These findings were mirrored by gene expression analysis indicating that the lowest levels of CCL2/MCP-1 and other monocyte-active chemokines were in IKKαKD cells under both basal and IL-1beta stimulated conditions. We find that in their response to IL-1beta stimulation IKKalphaKD primary OA chondrocytes have reduced levels of phosphorylated NFkappaB p65pSer536 and H3pSer10. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed co-localized p65 and H3pSer10 nuclear signals in agreement with our findings that IKKalphaKD effectively blunts their basal level and IL-1beta dependent increases. Our results suggest that IKKalpha could be a novel OA disease target.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybvw,

title = {Vertebrate CTF18 and DDX11 essential function in cohesion is bypassed by preventing WAPL-mediated cohesin release},

author = {Kawasumi R and Abe T and Psakhye I and Miyata K and Hirota K and Branzei D},

url = {http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/35/19-20/1368.long},

doi = {10.1101/gad.348581.121},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-08},

urldate = {2021-11-08},

journal = {Genes & development},

volume = {35},

number = {19-20},

pages = {1368-1382},

abstract = {The alternative PCNA loader containing CTF18-DCC1-CTF8 facilitates sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) by poorly defined mechanisms. Here we found that in DT40 cells, CTF18 acts complementarily with the Warsaw breakage syndrome DDX11 helicase in mediating SCC and proliferation. We uncover that the lethality and cohesion defects of ctf18 ddx11 mutants are associated with reduced levels of chromatin-bound cohesin and rescued by depletion of WAPL, a cohesin-removal factor. On the contrary, high levels of ESCO1/2 acetyltransferases that acetylate cohesin to establish SCC do not rescue ctf18 ddx11 phenotypes. Notably, the tight proximity of sister centromeres and increased anaphase bridges characteristic of WAPL-depleted cells are abrogated by loss of both CTF18 and DDX11 The results reveal that vertebrate CTF18 and DDX11 collaborate to provide sufficient amounts of chromatin-loaded cohesin available for SCC generation in the presence of WAPL-mediated cohesin-unloading activity. This process modulates chromosome structure and is essential for cellular proliferation in vertebrates.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybvwb,

title = {Bithiazole Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase (PI4KIIIBETA) as Broad-Spectrum Antivirals Blocking the Replication of SARS-CoV-2, Zika Virus, and Human Rhinoviruses},

author = {{Grazia Martina M} and Vicenti I and Bauer L and Crespan E and Rango E and Boccuto A and Olivieri N and Incerti M and Zwaagstra M and Allodi M and Bertoni S and Dreassi E and Zazzi M and van Kuppeveld FJM and Maga G and Radi M},

url = {https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cmdc.202100483},

doi = {10.1002/cmdc.202100483},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-08},

journal = {ChemMedChem},

abstract = {Over half a century since the description of the first antiviral drug, "old" re-emerging viruses and "new" emerging viruses still represent a serious threat to global health. Their high mutation rate and rapid selection of resistance toward common antiviral drugs, together with the increasing number of co-infections, make the war against viruses quite challenging. Herein we report a host-targeted approach, based on the inhibition of the lipid kinase PI4KIIIβ, as a promising strategy for inhibiting the replication of multiple viruses hijacking this protein. We show that bithiazole inhibitors of PI4KIIIβ block the replication of human rhinoviruses (hRV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar and sub-micromolar concentrations. However, while the anti-hRV/ZIKV activity can be directly linked to PI4KIIIβ inhibition, the role of PI4KIIIβ in SARS-CoV-2 entry/replication is debated.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv_28,

title = {Astrocytic microdomains from mouse cortex gain molecular control over long-term information storage and memory retention},

author = {Vignoli B and Sansevero G and Sasi M and Rimondini R and Blum R and Bonaldo V and Biasini E and Santi S and Berardi N and Lu B and Canossa M},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-021-02678-x},

doi = {10.1038/s42003-021-02678-x},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-28},

journal = {Communications biology},

volume = {4},

number = {1},

pages = {1152},

abstract = {Memory consolidation requires astrocytic microdomains for protein recycling; but whether this lays a mechanistic foundation for long-term information storage remains enigmatic. Here we demonstrate that persistent synaptic strengthening invited astrocytic microdomains to convert initially internalized (pro)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) into active prodomain (BDNFpro) and mature BDNF (mBDNF) for synaptic re-use. While mBDNF activates TrkB, we uncovered a previously unsuspected function for the cleaved BDNFpro, which increases TrkB/SorCS2 receptor complex at post-synaptic sites. Astrocytic BDNFpro release reinforced TrkB phosphorylation to sustain long-term synaptic potentiation and to retain memory in the novel object recognition behavioral test. Thus, the switch from one inactive state to a multi-functional one of the proBDNF provides post-synaptic changes that survive the initial activation. This molecular asset confines local information storage in astrocytic microdomains to selectively support memory circuits.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv_27,

title = {Viviparity and habitat restrictions may influence the evolution of male reproductive genes in tsetse fly (Glossina) species},

author = {Savini G and Scolari F and Ometto L and Rota-Stabelli O and Carraretto D and Gomulski LM and Gasperi G and Abd-Alla AMM and Aksoy S and Attardo GM and Malacrida AR},

url = {https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-021-01148-4},

doi = {10.1186/s12915-021-01148-4},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-28},

journal = {BMC biology},

volume = {19},

number = {1},

abstract = {Background: Glossina species (tsetse flies), the sole vectors of African trypanosomes, maintained along their long evolutionary history a unique reproductive strategy, adenotrophic viviparity. Viviparity reduces their reproductive rate and, as such, imposes strong selective pressures on males for reproductive success. These species live in sub-Saharan Africa, where the distributions of the main sub-genera Fusca, Morsitans, and Palpalis are restricted to forest, savannah, and riverine habitats, respectively. Here we aim at identifying the evolutionary patterns of the male reproductive genes of six species belonging to these three main sub-genera. We then interpreted the different patterns we found across the species in the light of viviparity and the specific habitat restrictions, which are known to shape reproductive behavior. Results: We used a comparative genomic approach to build consensus evolutionary trees that portray the selective pressure acting on the male reproductive genes in these lineages. Such trees reflect the long and divergent demographic history that led to an allopatric distribution of the Fusca, Morsitans, and Palpalis species groups. A dataset of over 1700 male reproductive genes remained conserved over the long evolutionary time scale (estimated at 26.7 million years) across the genomes of the six species. We suggest that this conservation may result from strong functional selective pressure on the male imposed by viviparity. It is noteworthy that more than half of these conserved genes are novel sequences that are unique to the Glossina genus and are candidates for selection in the different lineages. Conclusions: Tsetse flies represent a model to interpret the evolution and differentiation of male reproductive biology under different, but complementary, perspectives. In the light of viviparity, we must take into account that these genes are constrained by a post-fertilization arena for genomic conflicts created by viviparity and absent in ovipositing species. This constraint implies a continuous antagonistic co-evolution between the parental genomes, thus accelerating inter-population post-zygotic isolation and, ultimately, favoring speciation. Ecological restrictions that affect reproductive behavior may further shape such antagonistic co-evolution.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybvz,

title = {Cockayne syndrome group A and ferrochelatase finely tune ribosomal gene transcription and its response to UV irradiation},

author = {Lanzafame M and Branca G and Landi C and Qiang M and Vaz B and Nardo T and Ferri D and Mura M and Iben S and Stefanini M and Peverali FA and Bini L and Orioli D},

url = {https://academic.oup.com/nar/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nar/gkab819/6377400},

doi = {10.1093/nar/gkab819},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-28},

journal = {Nucleic Acids Research},

abstract = {CSA and CSB proteins are key players in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) pathway that removes UV-induced DNA lesions from the transcribed strands of expressed genes. Additionally, CS proteins play relevant but still elusive roles in other cellular pathways whose alteration may explain neurodegeneration and progeroid features in Cockayne syndrome (CS). Here we identify a CS-containing chromatin-associated protein complex that modulates rRNA transcription. Besides RNA polymerase I (RNAP1) and specific ribosomal proteins (RPs), the complex includes ferrochelatase (FECH), a well-known mitochondrial enzyme whose deficiency causes erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Impairment of either CSA or FECH functionality leads to reduced RNAP1 occupancy on rDNA promoter that is associated to reduced 47S pre-rRNA transcription. In addition, reduced FECH expression leads to an abnormal accumulation of 18S rRNA that in primary dermal fibroblasts from CS and EPP patients results in opposed rRNA amounts. After cell irradiation with UV light, CSA triggers the dissociation of the CSA-FECH-CSB-RNAP1-RPs complex from the chromatin while it stabilizes its binding to FECH. Besides disclosing a function for FECH within nucleoli, this study sheds light on the still unknown mechanisms through which CSA modulates rRNA transcription.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybvy,

title = {Relative strength of 5' splice-site strength defines functions of SRSF2 and SRSF6 in alternative splicing of Bcl-x pre-mRNA},

author = {Choi N and Liu Y and Oh J and Ha J and Ghigna C and Zheng X and Shen H},

url = {https://www.bmbreports.org/journal/view.html?volume=54&number=3&spage=176},

doi = {10.5483/BMBRep.2021.54.3.17},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-28},

journal = {BMC Reports},

volume = {54},

number = {3},

pages = {176-181},

abstract = {Bcl-x, a member of the Bcl-2 family, plays a key role in apoptosis. Alternative splicing of Bcl-x pre-mRNA through alternative 5' splice-site selection produces an anti-apoptotic mRNA isoform that includes exon 2b and a pro-apoptotic Bcl-x mRNA isoform that excludes exon 2b. Here we used Bcl-x minigene and identified SRSF2 and SRSF6 as two regulatory factors of 5' splice-site selection of Bcl-x pre-mRNA. We selected binding clusters closer to 5' splice-sites from multiple potential binding sites of SRSF2 and SRSF6 to perform loss of functions analysis through site-directed mutagenesis. Our results demonstrated that these mutations did not abolish regulatory functions of SRSF2 or SRSF6, indicating that a single binding motif or a cluster was not a functional target of these proteins in Bcl-x pre-mRNA splicing. Random deletion mutagenesis did not disrupt the role of SRSF2 and SRSF6. Importantly, mutagenesis of 5' splice-site to a conserved or a weaker score demonstrated that the weaker strength of the target 5' splice-site or higher strength of the other 5' splice-site strength limited the role of SRSF2 and SRSF6 in 5' splice-site activation. [BMB Reports 2021; 54(3): 176-181].},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybvx,

title = {Phenolic Characterization and Neuroprotective Properties of Grape Pomace Extracts},

author = {Chiavaroli A and Balaha M and Acquaviva A and Ferrante C and Cataldi A and Menghini L and Rapino M and Orlando G and Brunetti L and Leone S and Recinella L and di Giacomo V},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/20/6216},

doi = {10.3390/molecules26206216},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-28},

journal = {Molecules},

volume = {26},

number = {20},

pages = {6216},

abstract = {Vitis vinifera (grape) contains various compounds with acknowledged phytochemical and pharmacological properties. Among the different parts of the plant, pomace is of particular interest as a winemaking industry by-product. A characterization of the water extract from grape pomace from Montepulciano d'Abruzzo variety (Villamagna doc) was conducted, and the bioactive phenolic compounds were quantified through HPLC-DAD-MS analysis. HypoE22, a hypothalamic cell line, was challenged with an oxidative stimulus and exposed to different concentrations (1 µg/mL-1 mg/mL) of the pomace extract for 24, 48, and 72 h. In the same conditions, cells were exposed to the sole catechin, in a concentration range (5-500 ng/mL) consistent with the catechin level in the extract. Cell proliferation was investigated by MTT assay, dopamine release through HPLC-EC method, PGE2 amount by an ELISA kit, and expressions of neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by RT-PCR. The extract reverted the cytotoxicity exerted by the oxidative stimulus at all the experimental times in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the catechin was able to revert the oxidative stress-induced depletion of dopamine 48 h and 72 h after the stimulus. The extract and the catechin were also effective in preventing the downregulation of BDNF and the concomitant upregulation of COX-2 gene expression. In accordance, PGE2 release was augmented by the oxidative stress conditions and reverted by the administration of the water extract from grace pomace and catechin, which were equally effective. These results suggest that the neuroprotection induced by the extract could be ascribed, albeit partially, to its catechin content.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybvw,

title = {Assessment of the structural and functional characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells associated with a prolonged exposure of morphine},

author = {Carano F and Teti G and Ruggeri A and Chiarini F and Giorgetti A and Mazzotti MC and Fais P and Falconi M},

url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8478991/},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-98682-6},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-28},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {19248},

abstract = {The discovery of the expression of opioid receptors in the skin and their role in orchestrating the process of tissue repair gave rise to questions regarding the potential effects of clinical morphine treatment in wound healing. Although short term treatment was reported to improve tissue regeneration, in vivo chronic administration was associated to an impairment of the physiological healing process and systemic fibrosis. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) play a fundamental role in tissue regeneration. In this regard, acute morphine exposition was recently reported to impact negatively on the functional characteristics of hMSCs, but little is currently known about its long-term effects. To determine how a prolonged treatment could impair their functional characteristics, we exposed hMSCs to increasing morphine concentrations respectively for nine and eighteen days, evaluating in particular the fibrogenic potential exerted by the long-term exposition. Our results showed a time dependent cell viability decline, and conditions compatible with a cellular senescent state. Ultrastructural and protein expression analysis were indicative of increased autophagy, suggesting a relation to a detoxification activity. In addition, the enhanced transcription observed for the genes involved in the synthesis and regulation of type I collagen suggested the possibility that a prolonged morphine treatment might exert its fibrotic potential risk, even involving the hMSCs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {Leveraging three-dimensional chromatin architecture for effective reconstruction of enhancer-target gene regulatory interactions},

author = {Salviato E and Djordjilovic V and Hariprakash JM and Tagliaferri I and Pal K and Ferrari F},

url = {https://academic.oup.com/nar/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nar/gkab547/6312759},

doi = {10.1093/nar/gkab547},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-18},

urldate = {2021-08-25},

journal = {Nucleic acids research},

volume = {49},

number = {17},

abstract = {A growing amount of evidence in literature suggests that germline sequence variants and somatic mutations in non-coding distal regulatory elements may be crucial for defining disease risk and prognostic stratification of patients, in genetic disorders as well as in cancer. Their functional interpretation is challenging because genome-wide enhancer-target gene (ETG) pairing is an open problem in genomics. The solutions proposed so far do not account for the hierarchy of structural domains which define chromatin three-dimensional (3D) architecture. Here we introduce a change of perspective based on the definition of multi-scale structural chromatin domains, integrated in a statistical framework to define ETG pairs. In this work (i) we develop a computational and statistical framework to reconstruct a comprehensive map of ETG pairs leveraging functional genomics data; (ii) we demonstrate that the incorporation of chromatin 3D architecture information improves ETG pairing accuracy and (iii) we use multiple experimental datasets to extensively benchmark our method against previous solutions for the genome-wide reconstruction of ETG pairs. This solution will facilitate the annotation and interpretation of sequence variants in distal non-coding regulatory elements. We expect this to be especially helpful in clinically oriented applications of whole genome sequencing in cancer and undiagnosed genetic diseases research.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Y__516,

title = {Evaluation of Shared Genetic Susceptibility to High and Low Myopia and Hyperopia},

author = {Tideman JWL and Parssinen O and Haarman AEG and Khawaja AP and Wedenoja J and Williams KM and Biino G and Ding X and Kahonen M and Lehtimaki T and Raitakari OT and Cheng CY and Jonas JB and Young TL and Bailey-Wilson JE and Rahi J and Williams C and He M and Mackey DA and Guggenheim JA and {UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium} and {the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia} (CREAM Consortium)},

url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/2778382},

doi = {10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.0497},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-13},

urldate = {2021-04-14},

journal = {JAMA ophthalmology},

volume = {139},

number = {6},

pages = {601-609},

abstract = {Importance: Uncertainty currently exists about whether the same genetic variants are associated with susceptibility to low myopia (LM) and high myopia (HM) and to myopia and hyperopia. Addressing this question is fundamental to understanding the genetics of refractive error and has clinical relevance for genotype-based prediction of children at risk for HM and for identification of new therapeutic targets. Objective: To assess whether a common set of genetic variants are associated with susceptibility to HM, LM, and hyperopia. Design, setting, and participants: This genetic association study assessed unrelated UK Biobank participants 40 to 69 years of age of European and Asian ancestry. Participants 40 to 69 years of age living in the United Kingdom were recruited from January 1, 2006, to October 31, 2010. Of the total sample of 502 682 participants, 117 279 (23.3%) underwent an ophthalmic assessment. Data analysis was performed from December 12, 2019, to June 23, 2020. Exposures: Four refractive error groups were defined: HM, -6.00 diopters (D) or less; LM, -3.00 to -1.00 D; hyperopia, +2.00 D or greater; and emmetropia, 0.00 to +1.00 D. Four genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses were performed in participants of European ancestry: (1) HM vs emmetropia, (2) LM vs emmetropia, (3) hyperopia vs emmetropia, and (4) LM vs hyperopia. Polygenic risk scores were generated from GWAS summary statistics, yielding 4 sets of polygenic risk scores. Performance was assessed in independent replication samples of European and Asian ancestry. Main outcomes and measures: Odds ratios (ORs) of polygenic risk scores in replication samples. Results: A total of 51 841 unrelated individuals of European ancestry and 2165 unrelated individuals of Asian ancestry were assigned to a specific refractive error group and included in our analyses. Polygenic risk scores derived from all 4 GWAS analyses were predictive of all categories of refractive error in both European and Asian replication samples. For example, the polygenic risk score derived from the HM vs emmetropia GWAS was predictive in the European sample of HM vs emmetropia (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.41-1.77; P = 1.54 × 10-15) as well as LM vs emmetropia (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07-1.23; P = 8.14 × 10-5), hyperopia vs emmetropia (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77-0.89; P = 4.18 × 10-7), and LM vs hyperopia (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.33-1.59; P = 1.43 × 10-16). Conclusions and relevance: Genetic risk variants were shared across HM, LM, and hyperopia and across European and Asian samples. Individuals with HM inherited a higher number of variants from among the same set of myopia-predisposing alleles and not different risk alleles compared with individuals with LM. These findings suggest that treatment interventions targeting common genetic risk variants associated with refractive error could be effective against both LM and HM.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {Single-cell profiling reveals the dynamics of cytomegalovirusspecific T-cells in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation},

author = {Van Beek JJP and Puccio S and Roberto A and De Paoli F and Graziano G and Salviato E and Alvisi G and Zanon V and Scarpa A and Zaghi E and Calvi M and Di Vito C and Mineri R and Sarina B and De Philippis C and Santoro A and Mariotti J and Bramanti S and Ferrari F and Castagna L and Mavilio D and Lugli E},

url = {https://haematologica.org/article/view/haematol.2020.276352},

doi = {10.3324/haematol.2020.276352},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-06},

urldate = {2021-08-25},

journal = {Haematologica},

volume = {106},

number = {10},

pages = {2768-2773},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {Prostate Cancer Progression: as a Matter of Fats Natalia},

author = {Scaglia N and Frontini-Lopez YR and Zadra G},

url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8353450/},

doi = {10.3389/fonc.2021.719865},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-30},

journal = {Frontiers in oncology},

volume = {11},

pages = {719865},

abstract = {Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) represents the fifth cause of cancer death worldwide. Although survival has improved with second-generation androgen signaling and Parp inhibitors, the benefits are not long-lasting, and new therapeutic approaches are sorely needed. Lipids and their metabolism have recently reached the spotlight with accumulating evidence for their role as promoters of PCa development, progression, and metastasis. As a result, interest in targeting enzymes/transporters involved in lipid metabolism is rapidly growing. Moreover, the use of lipogenic signatures to predict prognosis and resistance to therapy has been recently explored with promising results. Despite the well-known association between obesity with PCa lethality, the underlying mechanistic role of diet/obesity-derived metabolites has only lately been unveiled. Furthermore, the role of lipids as energy source, building blocks, and signaling molecules in cancer cells has now been revisited and expanded in the context of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is heavily influenced by the external environment and nutrient availability. Here, we describe how lipids, their enzymes, transporters, and modulators can promote PCa development and progression, and we emphasize the role of lipids in shaping TME. In a therapeutic perspective, we describe the ongoing efforts in targeting lipogenic hubs. Finally, we highlight studies supporting dietary modulation in the adjuvant setting with the purpose of achieving greater efficacy of the standard of care and of synthetic lethality. PCa progression is "a matter of fats", and the more we understand about the role of lipids as key players in this process, the better we can develop approaches to counteract their tumor promoter activity while preserving their beneficial properties},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {A Meta-Analysis of Brain DNA Methylation Across Sex, Age, and Alzheimer's Disease Points for Accelerated Epigenetic Aging in Neurodegeneration},

author = {Pellegrini C and Pirazzini C and Sala C and Sambati L and Yusipov I and Kalyakulina A and Ravaioli F and Kwiatkowska KM and Durso DF and Ivanchenko M and Monti D and Lodi R and Franceschi C and Cortelli P and Garagnani P and Bacalini MG},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.639428/full},

doi = {10.3389/fnagi.2021.639428},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-30},

journal = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience},

volume = {13},

pages = {639428},

abstract = {Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by specific alterations of brain DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns. Age and sex, two major risk factors for AD, are also known to largely affect the epigenetic profiles in brain, but their contribution to AD-associated DNAm changes has been poorly investigated. In this study we considered publicly available DNAm datasets of four brain regions (temporal, frontal, entorhinal cortex, and cerebellum) from healthy adult subjects and AD patients, and performed a meta-analysis to identify sex-, age-, and AD-associated epigenetic profiles. In one of these datasets it was also possible to distinguish 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) profiles. We showed that DNAm differences between males and females tend to be shared between the four brain regions, while aging differently affects cortical regions compared to cerebellum. We found that the proportion of sex-dependent probes whose methylation is modified also during aging is higher than expected, but that differences between males and females tend to be maintained, with only a few probes showing age-by-sex interaction. We did not find significant overlaps between AD- and sex-associated probes, nor disease-by-sex interaction effects. On the contrary, we found that AD-related epigenetic modifications are significantly enriched in probes whose DNAm varies with age and that there is a high concordance between the direction of changes (hyper or hypo-methylation) in aging and AD, supporting accelerated epigenetic aging in the disease. In summary, our results suggest that age-associated DNAm patterns concur to the epigenetic deregulation observed in AD, providing new insights on how advanced age enables neurodegeneration.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {Immune-tolerance to human iPS-derived neural progenitors xenografted into the immature cerebellum is overridden by species-specific differences in differentiation timing},

author = {Nato G and Corti A and Parmigiani E and Jachetti E and Lecis D and Colombo MP and Delia D and Buffo A and Magrassi L},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-79502-9},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-79502-9},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-30},

journal = {Scientific reports},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {651},

abstract = {We xeno-transplanted human neural precursor cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells into the cerebellum and brainstem of mice and rats during prenatal development or the first postnatal week. The transplants survived and started to differentiate up to 1 month after birth when they were rejected by both species. Extended survival and differentiation of the same cells were obtained only when they were transplanted in NOD-SCID mice. Transplants of human neural precursor cells mixed with the same cells after partial in vitro differentiation or with a cellular extract obtained from adult rat cerebellum increased survival of the xeno-graft beyond one month. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the slower pace of differentiation of human neural precursors compared to that of rodents restricts induction of immune-tolerance to human antigens expressed before completion of maturation of the immune system. With further maturation the transplanted neural precursors expressed more mature antigens before the graft were rejected. Supplementation of the immature cells suspensions with more mature antigens may help to induce immune-tolerance for those antigens expressed only later by the engrafted cells.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {Circulating miR-19a-3p and miR-19b-3p characterize the human aging process and their isomiRs associate with healthy status at extreme ages},

author = {Morsiani C and Terlecki-Zaniewicz L and Skalicky S and Bacalini MG and Collura S and Conte M and Sevini F and Garagnani P and Salvioli S and Hackl M and Grillari J and Franceschi C and Capri M},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.13409},

doi = {10.1111/acel.13409},

isbn = {10.1111/acel.13409},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-30},

urldate = {2021-08-30},

journal = {Aging Cell},

volume = {20},

number = {7},

pages = {e13409},

abstract = {Blood circulating microRNAs (c-miRs) are potential biomarkers to trace aging and longevity trajectories to identify molecular targets for anti-aging therapies. Based on a cross-sectional study, a discovery phase was performed on 12 donors divided into four groups: young, old, healthy, and unhealthy centenarians. The identification of healthy and unhealthy phenotype was based on cognitive performance and capabilities to perform daily activities. Small RNA sequencing identified 79 differentially expressed c-miRs when comparing young, old, healthy centenarians, and unhealthy centenarians. Two miRs, that is, miR-19a-3p and miR-19b-3p, were found increased at old age but decreased at extreme age, as confirmed by RT-qPCR in 49 donors of validation phase. The significant decrease of those miR levels in healthy compared to unhealthy centenarians appears to be due to the presence of isomiRs, not detectable with RT-qPCR, but only with a high-resolution technique such as deep sequencing. Bioinformatically, three main common targets of miR-19a/b-3p were identified, that is, SMAD4, PTEN, and BCL2L11, converging into the FoxO signaling pathway, known to have a significant role in aging mechanisms. For the first time, this study shows the age-related increase of plasma miR-19a/b-3p in old subjects but a decrease in centenarians. This decrease is more pronounced in healthy centenarians and was confirmed by the modified pattern of isomiRs comparing healthy and unhealthy centenarians. Thus, our study paves the way for functional studies using c-miRs and isomiRs as additional parameter to track the onset of aging and age-related diseases using new potential biomarkers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)},

author = {Klionsky DJ and Abdel-Aziz AK and Abdelfatah S and .... and Scovassi AI and et al.},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280},

doi = {10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-30},

journal = {Autophagy},

volume = {17},

number = {1},

pages = {1-382},

abstract = {Not available},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {Asparagine sustains cellular proliferation and c‑Myc expression in glutamine‑starved cancer cells},

author = {Chiodi I and Perini C and Berardi D and Mondello C},

url = {https://www.spandidos-publications.com/or/45/6/96},

doi = {10.3892/or.2021.8047},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-30},

journal = {Oncology reports},

volume = {45},

number = {6},

pages = {96},

abstract = {During tumorigenesis, oncogene activation and metabolism rewiring are interconnected. Activated c‑Myc upregulates several genes involved in glutamine metabolism, making cancer cells dependent on high levels of this amino acid to survive and proliferate. After studying the response to glutamine deprivation in cancer cells, it was found that glutamine starvation not only blocked cellular proliferation, but also altered c‑Myc protein expression, leading to a reduction in the levels of the canonical c‑Myc isoform and an increase in the expression of c‑Myc 1, a c‑Myc isoform translated from an in‑frame 5' CUG codon. In an attempt to identify nutrients able to counteract glutamine deprivation effects, it was shown that, in the absence of glutamine, asparagine permitted cell survival and proliferation, and maintained c‑Myc expression as in glutamine‑fed cells, with high levels of canonical c‑Myc and c‑Myc 1 almost undetectable. In asparagine‑fed cells, global protein translation was higher than in glutamine‑starved cells, and there was an increase in the levels of glutamine synthetase (GS), whose activity was essential for cellular viability and proliferation. In glutamine‑starved asparagine‑fed cells, the inhibition of c‑Myc activity led to a decrease in global protein translation and GS synthesis, suggesting an association between c‑Myc expression, GS levels and cellular proliferation, mediated by asparagine when exogenous glutamine is absent.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {No association between frailty index and epigenetic clocks in Italian semi-supercentenarians},

author = {Bacalini MG and Gentilini D and Monti D and Garagnani P and Mari D and Cesari M and Ogliari G and Passarino G and Franceschi C and Pirazzini C and Arosio B},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047637421000865?via%3Dihub},

doi = {10.1016/j.mad.2021.111514},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-30},

journal = {Mechanisms of ageing and development},

volume = {197},

pages = {111514},

abstract = {Centenarians experience successful ageing, although they still present high heterogeneity in their health status. The frailty index is a biomarker of biological age, able to capture such heterogeneity, even at extreme old age. At the same time, other biomarkers (e.g., epigenetic clocks) may be informative the biological age of the individual and potentially describe the ageing status in centenarians. In this article, we explore the relationship between epigenetic clocks and frailty index in a cohort of Italian centenarians. No association was reported, suggesting that these two approaches may describe different aspects of the same ageing process.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {T Cells Expressing Receptor Recombination/Revision Machinery Are Detected in the Tumor Microenvironment and Expanded in Genomically Over-unstable Models},

author = {Morello G and Cancila V and La Rosa M and Germano G and Lecis D and Amodio V and Zanardi F and Iannelli F and Greco D and La Paglia L and Fiannaca A and Urso AM and Graziano G and Ferrari F and Pupa SM and Sangaletti S and Chiodoni C and Pruneri G and Bardelli A and Colombo MP and Tripodo C},

url = {https://cancerimmunolres.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2021/06/08/2326-6066.CIR-20-0645.long},

doi = {10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-20-0645},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-25},

journal = {Cancer immunology research},

abstract = {Tumors undergo dynamic immunoediting as part of a process that balances immunologic sensing of emerging neoantigens and evasion from immune responses. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) comprise heterogeneous subsets of peripheral T cells characterized by diverse functional differentiation states and dependence on T-cell receptor (TCR) specificity gained through recombination events during their development. We hypothesized that within the tumor microenvironment (TME), an antigenic milieu and immunologic interface, tumor-infiltrating peripheral T cells could reexpress key elements of the TCR recombination machinery, namely, Rag1 and Rag2 recombinases and Tdt polymerase, as a potential mechanism involved in the revision of TCR specificity. Using two syngeneic invasive breast cancer transplantable models, 4T1 and TS/A, we observed that Rag1, Rag2, and Dntt in situ mRNA expression characterized rare tumor-infiltrating T cells. In situ expression of the transcripts was increased in coisogenic Mlh1-deficient tumors, characterized by genomic overinstability, and was also modulated by PD-1 immune-checkpoint blockade. Through immunolocalization and mRNA hybridization analyses, we detected the presence of rare TDT+RAG1/2+ cells populating primary tumors and draining lymph nodes in human invasive breast cancer. Analysis of harmonized single-cell RNA-sequencing data sets of human cancers identified a very small fraction of tumor-associated T cells, characterized by the expression of recombination/revision machinery transcripts, which on pseudotemporal ordering corresponded to differentiated effector T cells. We offer thought-provoking evidence of a TIL microniche marked by rare transcripts involved in TCR shaping.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {Transcriptional stress induces chromatin relocation of the nucleotide excision repair factor XPG},

author = {Scalera C and Ticli G and Dutto I and Cazzalini O and Stivala LA and Prosperi E},

url = {http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-85108105818&origin=inward},

doi = {10.3390/ijms22126589},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-25},

journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},

volume = {22},

pages = {6589},

abstract = {Endonuclease XPG participates in nucleotide excision repair (NER), in basal transcription, and in the processing of RNA/DNA hybrids (R-loops): the malfunction of these processes may cause genome instability. Here, we investigate the chromatin association of XPG during basal transcription and after transcriptional stress. The inhibition of RNA polymerase II with 5,6-dichloro-l-?-D-ribofuranosyl benzimidazole (DRB), or actinomycin D (AD), and of topoisomerase I with camptothecin (CPT) resulted in an increase in chromatin-bound XPG, with concomitant relocation by forming nuclear clusters. The cotranscriptional activators p300 and CREB-binding protein (CREBBP), endowed with lysine acetyl transferase (KAT) activity, interact with and acetylate XPG. Depletion of both KATs by RNA interference, or chemical inhibition with C646, significantly reduced XPG acetylation. However, the loss of KAT activity also resulted in increased chromatin association and the relocation of XPG, indicating that these processes were induced by transcriptional stress and not by reduced acetylation. Transcription inhibitors, including C646, triggered the R-loop formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX (?-H2AX). Proximity ligation assay (PLA) showed that XPG colocalized with R-loops, indicating the recruitment of the protein to these structures. These results suggest that transcriptional stress-induced XPG relocation may represent recruitment to sites of R-loop processing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {TERRA transcription destabilizes telomere integrity to initiate break-induced replication in human ALT cells. },

author = {Silva B and Arora R and Bione S and Azzalin CM},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24097-6},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-24097-6},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-25},

journal = {Nature communications},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {3760},

abstract = {Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) is a Break-Induced Replication (BIR)-based mechanism elongating telomeres in a subset of human cancer cells. While the notion that spontaneous DNA damage at telomeres is required to initiate ALT, the molecular triggers of this physiological telomere instability are largely unknown. We previously proposed that the telomeric long noncoding RNA TERRA may represent one such trigger; however, given the lack of tools to suppress TERRA transcription in cells, our hypothesis remained speculative. We have developed Transcription Activator-Like Effectors able to rapidly inhibit TERRA transcription from multiple chromosome ends in an ALT cell line. TERRA transcription inhibition decreases marks of DNA replication stress and DNA damage at telomeres and impairs ALT activity and telomere length maintenance. We conclude that TERRA transcription actively destabilizes telomere integrity in ALT cells, thereby triggering BIR and promoting telomere elongation. Our data point to TERRA transcription manipulation as a potentially useful target for therapy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {Reduced levels of prostaglandin I 2 synthase: a distinctive feature of the cancer-free trichothiodystrophy},

author = {Lombardi A and Arseni L and Carriero R and Compe E and Botta E and Ferri D and Uggè M and Biamonti G and Peverali FA and Bione S and Orioli D},

url = {https://www.pnas.org/content/118/26/e2024502118.long},

doi = {10.1073/pnas.2024502118},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-25},

journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.},

volume = {118},

number = {26},

abstract = {The cancer-free photosensitive trichothiodystrophy (PS-TTD) and the cancer-prone xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are rare monogenic disorders that can arise from mutations in the same genes, namely ERCC2/XPD or ERCC3/XPB Both XPD and XPB proteins belong to the 10-subunit complex transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) that plays a key role in transcription and nucleotide excision repair, the DNA repair pathway devoted to the removal of ultraviolet-induced DNA lesions. Compelling evidence suggests that mutations affecting the DNA repair activity of TFIIH are responsible for the pathological features of XP, whereas those also impairing transcription give rise to TTD. By adopting a relatives-based whole transcriptome sequencing approach followed by specific gene expression profiling in primary fibroblasts from a large cohort of TTD or XP cases with mutations in ERCC2/XPD gene, we identify the expression alterations specific for TTD primary dermal fibroblasts. While most of these transcription deregulations do not impact on the protein level, very low amounts of prostaglandin I2 synthase (PTGIS) are found in TTD cells. PTGIS catalyzes the last step of prostaglandin I2 synthesis, a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Its reduction characterizes all TTD cases so far investigated, both the PS-TTD with mutations in TFIIH coding genes as well as the nonphotosensitive (NPS)-TTD. A severe impairment of TFIIH and RNA polymerase II recruitment on the PTGIS promoter is found in TTD but not in XP cells. Thus, PTGIS represents a biomarker that combines all PS- and NPS-TTD cases and distinguishes them from XP.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{%a1:%Ybv,

title = {A functional in vitro cell-free system for studying DNA repair in isolated nuclei},

author = {Guardamagna I and Bassi E and Savio M and Perucca P and Cazzalini O and Prosperi E and Stivala LA},

url = {https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/133/11/jcs240010/224737/A-functional-in-vitro-cell-free-system-for},

doi = {10.1242/jcs.240010},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-25},

journal = {Journal of cell science},

volume = {133},

number = {11},

abstract = {Assessment of DNA repair is an important endpoint measurement when studying the biochemical mechanisms of the DNA damage response and when investigating the efficacy of chemotherapy, which often uses DNA-damaging compounds. Numerous in vitro methods to biochemically characterize DNA repair mechanisms have been developed so far. However, such methods have some limitations, which are mainly due to the lack of chromatin organization in the DNA templates used. Here we describe a functional cell-free system to study DNA repair synthesis in vitro, using G1-phase nuclei isolated from human cells treated with different genotoxic agents. Upon incubation in the corresponding damage-activated cytosolic extracts, containing biotinylated dUTP, nuclei were able to initiate DNA repair synthesis. The use of specific DNA synthesis inhibitors markedly decreased biotinylated dUTP incorporation, indicating the specificity of the repair response. Exogenously added human recombinant PCNA protein, but not the sensors of UV-DNA damage DDB2 and DDB1, stimulated UVC-induced dUTP incorporation. In contrast, a DDB2PCNA- mutant protein, unable to associate with PCNA, interfered with DNA repair synthesis. Given its responsiveness to different types of DNA lesions, this system offers an additional tool to study DNA repair mechanisms.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}